Practice Questions & Solved Examples

Example 1: Identifying Plant Types

Problem: You are given three plants: Tomato, Lemon, and Neem. Classify them into Herb, Shrub, and Tree and give one reason for each.

Solution:

1. Tomato:
   • Classification: Herb.
   • Reason: It has a soft, green, and tender stem.
2. Lemon:
   • Classification: Shrub.
   • Reason: It has a hard stem that branches out near the base (close to the ground).
3. Neem:
   • Classification: Tree.
   • Reason: It has a thick, hard, brown trunk and branches appear high up from the ground.

Example 2: Adaptation Match

Problem: Match the organism with its adaptive feature and function.

Solution:

1. Fish $\rightarrow$ C. Fins $\rightarrow$ ii. Swim in water.
2. Cactus $\rightarrow$ A. Spines $\rightarrow$ i. Prevent water loss.
3. Yak $\rightarrow$ B. Thick Fur $\rightarrow$ iii. Protect from cold.

Example 3: Logical Reasoning

Problem: A plant has leaves with parallel venation. What kind of roots does it likely have? Can you name two seeds that would produce such a plant?

Step-by-Step Logic:

1. Identify Rule: Parallel Venation $\leftrightarrow$ Fibrous Roots $\leftrightarrow$ Monocot Seeds.
2. Determine Roots: Since venation is parallel, the roots are Fibrous Roots.
3. Determine Seeds: The seeds must be Monocots.
4. Examples: Maize, Wheat, Rice.

Example 4: Habitat Analysis

Problem: Why can’t a lotus plant survive in a desert, and why can’t a cactus survive in a pond?

Solution:

• Lotus in Desert: A lotus is adapted for aquatic life. It has a weak stem (supported by water) and stomata on the upper surface of leaves. In a desert, it would dry out immediately because it cannot store water or prevent water loss like a cactus.
• Cactus in Pond: A cactus is adapted for desert life. Its roots need air (aerated soil). If placed in a pond, the roots would rot due to excess water, and the plant would die.