Maps and Their Components

What is a Map?

A map is a representation or a drawing of an area on a flat surface, viewed from the top. It can represent a small area like a village or a large area like the entire world.

Types of Maps

• Physical Maps: Show natural features like mountains, rivers, and oceans.
• Political Maps: Show boundaries of countries, states, and cities.
• Thematic Maps: Focus on specific information, such as rainfall or road networks.

Components of a Map

1. Distance (Scale)

Since we cannot draw the actual size of the Earth on paper, we use a Scale.

• Example: If $1 \text{ cm}$ on the map represents $500 \text{ m}$ on the ground, the scale is $1 \text{ cm} = 500 \text{ m}$.

2. Direction

Most maps use an arrow marked with ‘N’ to indicate North. From North, we can determine the other Cardinal Directions.

3. Symbols

Symbols are used to show details like railway lines, bridges, or temples in a limited space.

• PO: Post Office
• PS: Police Station
• RS: Railway Station