What is the ECI?
The Election Commission of India (ECI) is an independent constitutional body responsible for administering election processes in India. Established in 1950, it ensures elections are free, fair, and transparent.
Structure of the ECI
Hierarchy at Different Levels:
- National Level: Chief Election Commissioner & Election Commissioners.
- State Level: Chief Electoral Officer.
- District Level: District Election Officer.
- Constituency Level: Returning Officer (RO).
Key Functions
- Conducting Elections: For Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha, State Legislative Assemblies, President, and Vice President.
- Scheduling: Deciding election dates and schedules.
- Voter Registration: Preparing and updating electoral rolls.
- Model Code of Conduct: Enforcing rules for political parties and candidates to ensure a level playing field.
- Party Registration: Registering political parties and assigning symbols.
Tip
T.N. Seshan: A legendary Chief Election Commissioner (1990–1996) known for strict enforcement of election rules, introduction of Voter ID cards, and curbing electoral malpractice.
Model Code of Conduct (MCC)
The MCC is a set of guidelines issued by the ECI to regulate political parties and candidates prior to elections.
- No Misuse of Power: The ruling party cannot use government machinery (vehicles, officials) for campaigning.
- No New Schemes: No new projects can be announced once elections are declared.
- Communal Harmony: No soliciting votes based on caste or religion.